APA

Quoting. Use it when you absolutely need it.  

Paraphrasing.  You rewrite what you read in your own words. 

Summarizing. This is a condensed version of what you read.  You write in your own words. 

REMEMBER: PARAPHRASING IS BETTER THAN QUOTING

Quoting: You must include the page number where the quote is.

Ex: Denton (2013) points out that "the development of a child is unique to its environment" (pg. 3) OR

it is also noted that "the development of a child is unique to its environment" (Denton, 2013, pg. 3)

You will use paragraphs instead of page numbers if this is from a website.

Ex: introducing a "stationary approach to education" (Clay, 2023, para. 16).

introducing a "stationary approach to education" (Clay, 2023, para. 16).

• The quotation must match the original and must be enclosed in “ “. Ex.: “people have the right to vote”
• Always include: (last name, date, page #)
• For a single page use: p.  Ex.: (Scott, 2019, p. 16)
• For multiple pages use: pp. Ex.: (Scott, 2019, pp. 34-35)
• If you are omitting material- use an ellipsis, three periods. Ex.: “check the websites…to consider the right use of information” (Scott, 2019, p. 16)
• If you are inserting material- use [ ]. Sometimes you need to add a word to make the quotation clear. Ex.: “the [teenagers] are more prone to incidents” (Scott, 2019, p. 16)
• If there is no page number, provide a paragraph number. You will need to count the paragraphs. Use: para. Ex.: (Scott, 2019, para. 16)

• You must include the time where the information can be found. Time needs to be written in hour, minutes, seconds using this format:
• Hours/minutes/seconds H:MM:SS
• Minutes/seconds MM:SS 
• For seconds only use this format 0:30

In-text the different formats will look like: (BeRed, 2022, 2:15:30) or (BeRed, 2022, 45:10) or (BeRed, 2022, 0:30)