The Chicago style uses two different styles:
The Author-Date style (Turabian) is shorter and contains fewer instructions and it does not contain information about the publication. It is a simplified version of Chicago designed for students writing research papers.
The Notes and Bibliography style is designed for professionals in the field who are publishing and has a great deal of instruction on formatting and many other things.
Check with your professor about which style you should use.
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Author-Date Style |
Notes and Bibliography Style |
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Is this style called something else?
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Who uses this style?
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College students. |
Those who want to publish. |
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Where can I find guidelines for this style?
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Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations by Turabian. |
Chicago Manual of Style. |
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How do I format a citation? |
The sources are cited in-text, with the author's last name and year of publication in parenthesis. Ex.: (Coms 2022). |
The sources are cited as superscripts in the text and then in full in the footnotes/endnotes. Ex.: the variation of words supports the feelings of the main character.9
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| What is the list of sources at the end of the paper called? | References | Bibliography |
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Do I need to include a list of the sources I used in the text? |
Yes. The sources noted in the text are reported in the section called References. |
Maybe. Because all sources are fully listed in the footnotes/endnotes, the section Bibliography may not be requested. Check with your professor. |
| Are the citations in the References and Bibliography formatted the same? | Yes | |
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Do I need to include a Title Page?
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Yes. Do not write a page number or a running head.
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Is everything double-spaced? |
No. Elements that are single-spaced are:
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