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AMA

In-Text Numbered Citations

When quoting or paraphrasing cite each reference in numerical order as they appear by using superscript numbers.

  • This means that your in-text citations appear in numerical order throughout your work
  • Your reference list will then have the same numbers for the same references. This means your reference list will be ordered by number (not alphabetically by author)

Ex.: The report by Smith 1 confirmed variable results.

Multiple sources can be listed together, separated by a comma, or shown as a range. 

  • Ex.: The reports 1,3 confirmed variable results.

                  The reports 5-7 confirmed variable results.

When quoting, a page number in parenthesis must be included after the citation number.

  • Ex.: ...reported that “the growing inability of insecticides to kill malaria vectors is concerning.” 6(p.34)

Example

This example shows how to incorporate paraphrasing and quotes in text and then the corresponding citations in the list of references.

Intimate partner violence may not approach health providers because of lack of trust, shame, and afraid of retaliation.1 Research on screening reported that physicians express their “confusion about their role in mandatory reporting”2(p.581) Research shows that health providers can identify behaviors in clients, thus strengthen the level of trust and consequently mental and physical care.3-5

References

1.Gerbert B, Caspers N, Bronstone A, Moe J, Abercrombie P. A qualitative analysis of how physicians with expertise in domestic violence approach the identification of victims. Ann Intern Med. 1999;131:578–84. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-131-8-199910190-00005 

2. McCauley J, Yurk RA, Jenckes MW, Ford DE. Inside “Pandora's Box”: abused women's experiences with clinicians and health services. J Gen Intern Med. 1998;13:549–55. doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.1998.00166.x 

3. Thom DH. Training physician to increase patient trust. J Eval Clin Pract. 2001;6:245-253.  doi:10.1046/j.1365-2753.2000.00249.x 

4. McCauley J, Kern DE, Kolodner K, et al. The “Battering Syndrome”: prevalence and clinical characteristics of domestic violence in primary care internal medicine practices. Ann Intern Med. 1995;123:737–46.

5. Anderson KM. Enhancing Resilience in Survivors of Family Violence. New York, NY: Springer; 2010.

Subjects: Citations