Nursing

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is the handbook used by healthcare professionals in the United States and much of the world as the authoritative guide to diagnosing mental disorders. 

The DSM serves as a common language, fostering consistent communication and reliable diagnoses among clinicians. It also plays a crucial role in enabling researchers to study the improvement of medications and other interventions, highlighting the collaborative nature of the healthcare profession.

DSM–5–TR was published in 2022, and it is the latest version of the handbook. It includes fully revised text and references, updated diagnostic criteria, and ICD–10–CM codes.

The citations for the DSM-5-TR for print and online versions are the same. 

• Provide a DOI when the diagnostic manual has one.
• The reference ends after the title because the author and publisher are the same; thus, the publisher is omitted to avoid repetition.

Ensure the citation below is double-spaced and has hanging indents:

American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.).

• Parenthetical citation: (American Psychiatric Association, 2022)

See Section 10.2.32 of the APA Manual and the APA Style Diagnostic Manual References