MLA

• The creator, entity, government, or organization that created the work.
• Last name, first name: Keats, Mary
• For two authors: Last name, first name, and first name last name. Ex.: Smith, Lucas, and Amalia Mills
• For more than two authors: Write only the first author followed by et al. Ex: Johnes, Pippa, et al.

Ex.:

Brints, Alaina. The Unfinished Story. McGraw Hill, 2014.

Rols, Katie et al. Spices and Health. Medical Library Association, 2018.

Smith, Lucas, and Amalia  Mills. “Kooling”, YouTube, 3 Jan. 2020, https://youtubeclingoff

• This is a required element. If there is no Title, provide a description of the work.
• Capitalize the first and all major words.
• Italicize the Title if the work is self-contained (ex., book, play, movie, manuscript).
• If the work is contained in a container Italicize the name of the Container and then use quotation marks to signify the specific source (ex: a chapter in a book).

Ex.:

Brints, Alaina. The Unfinished Story. McGraw Hill, 2014.

Gold, Ken. "The Tina Days.” The Amazing Turner, edited by Jolie J. Johns and Carl Capone. University Press, 2022, pp. 20-34.​

• If the work is self-contained (ex., book, play, movie, manuscript), this element is left blank.
• Italicize the name of the Container.

Ex.:

Gold, Ken. "The Tina Days.” The Amazing Turner, edited by Jolie J. Johns and Carl C. Capone. University Press, 2022, pp. 120-34.​

• List key contributors: translators, editors, film directors, music conductors, and performing groups.

Ex.:

Gold, Ken. "The Tina Days.” The Amazing Turner, edited by Jolie J. Johns and Carl C. Capone. University Press, 2022, pp. 120-34.​

• Abbreviate: Edition = ed. ; Revised = rev.
• If an e-book requires a personal electronic device (Kindle) then add: E-book ed.
• Do not use superscript (4^th ed.). Instead use the format: 4th ed.
• Proper nouns are capitalized.

Ex.:

MLA Handbook. 8th ed., E-book ed., Modern Language Association of  America, 2016.

• For any sources that use a number system to signify where that source can be found, ex. journals, episodes
• Abbreviate volumes and numbers.

Ex.:

Marcos, Manuel. "The Story of Claus: Christmas Around.” Journal of  Festivities, vol. 10,  no.  10, 2010, pp. 1-15.

https://doi.org/10.10123456

• Who is making the work available.
• This element is not included for periodicals and websites with the same name as their publishers (ex. Modern Language Association).

• Abbreviate University Press with UP.
• If only the word Press is present without the word University, then write Press.

Ex.:

Cookie, Millie and Green, Mark. “The Middeltons.” CNN, 11 June 2011, www.cnn.com/2016/07/19/mt/index.html

Ellern, Anna. The Bold Side of Tacos. Penguin Press, 2023.

Ward, Allen. Tick Tack: Gaming. Penn State UP, 2013.

• When the work was published.
• Abbreviate names of months longer than four letters: Jan., Feb., Mar.
• For e-books, provide only the year.
• If the source includes day and month, provide them in the citation.

Ex.:

Cookie, Millie and Green, Mark. “The Middeltons.” CNN, 11 June 2011, www.cnn.com/2016/07/19/mt/index.html

• Depends on the format of the source (page number, page ranges, DOI, permalink, URL). See the MLA Handbook for examples.
• DOI/Permalink/URL. List only one in this order of availability:
  • DOI- always use this when available
  • Permalink- if the DOI is not available
  • URL- if neither the DOI nor the Permalink is available
• A DOI is always preceded by http:// or https://
• A period follows a DOI/Permalink/URL.

Ex.:

Man, Kylie. "The Garden of Eveline." Rolling Stone, no. 60, 15 May 2015, pp. 30-2.

Marcos, Manuel. "The Story of Claus: Christmas Around.” Journal of Festivities, vol. 10,  no. 10, 2010, pp. 1-15. 

https://doi.org/10.10123456